There are 12 ways to get from Karlsruhe to Inverness by train, plane, train (Eurostar), bus, car, car train, or car ferry
Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2Rio's travel planner.
Train to Frankfurt, fly to Inverness Dalcross Airport
best- Take the train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Frankfurttrain
- Fly from Frankfurt (FRA) to Inverness Dalcross Airport (INV)plane FRA - INV
8h 47m£135–435Train, train to Luxembourg, fly to Inverness Dalcross Airport
cheapest- Take the train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Strasbourg Bahnhoftrain
- Take the train from Strasbourg to Luxembourgtrain
- Fly from Luxembourg (LUX) to Inverness Dalcross Airport (INV)plane LUX - INV
11h 15m£112–442Train via Paris
- Take the train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Strasbourg Bahnhoftrain 83 / ...
- Take the train from Strasbourg Bahnhof to Paris l'Esttrain 83 / ...
- Take the train from Paris Nord to London St Pancras Intltrain Eil
- Take the train from King's Cross to Invernesstrain
15h 32m£383–674Bus
- Take the bus from Karlsruhe central train station to Luxembourg, P+R Bouillonbus
- Take the bus from Luxembourg P+R Bouillon to London Victoria Green Line Stationbus
- Take the bus from London Victoria to Buchanan Bus Stationbus
- Take the bus from Buchanan Bus Station to Bus Station Stance 3bus
28h 24m£132–341Drive, Eurotunnel
- Drive from Karlsruhe to Calais-Fréthuncar
- Take the car train from Calais-Fréthun to Folkestonecartrain
- Drive from Folkestone to Invernesscar
18h 1m£340–447Train to Stuttgart Airport, fly to Inverness Dalcross Airport
- Take the train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbftrain
- Fly from Stuttgart Airport (STR) to Inverness Dalcross Airport (INV)plane STR - INV
8h 41m£169–356Train to Stuttgart Airport, fly to Aberdeen Airport, train
- Take the train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbftrain
- Fly from Stuttgart Airport (STR) to Aberdeen Airport (ABZ)plane STR - ABZ
- Take the train from Aberdeen to Invernesstrain
11h 34m£159–375Train to Stuttgart Airport, fly to Edinburgh Airport, bus, train
- Take the train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbftrain
- Fly from Stuttgart Airport (STR) to Edinburgh Airport (EDI)plane STR - EDI
- Take the bus from Edinburgh Airport to Perth stationbus
- Take the train from Perth to Invernesstrain
10h 38m£132–343Train to Frankfurt, fly to Edinburgh Airport, bus, train
- Take the train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Frankfurttrain
- Fly from Frankfurt (FRA) to Edinburgh Airport (EDI)plane FRA - EDI
- Take the bus from Edinburgh Airport to Perth stationbus
- Take the train from Perth to Invernesstrain
10h 23m£148–392Train
- Take the train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Köln Hbftrain 43 / ...
- Take the train from Köln Hbf to Bruxelles Miditrain 79
- Take the train from Brussel-Zuid / Bruxelles-Midi to London St Pancras Intltrain Eil
- Take the train from King's Cross to Invernesstrain
16h 51m£363–797Bus, train
- Take the bus from Karlsruhe central train station to Frankfurt Airportbus N13 / ...
- Take the bus from Frankfurt Airport to London Victoriabus
- Take the train from London Euston to Invernesstrain
32h 40m£244–419Drive, car ferry
- Drive from Karlsruhe to Calaiscar
- Take the car ferry from Calais to Port of Dovercarferry
- Drive from Port of Dover to Invernesscar
19h 2m£230–389
Karlsruhe to Inverness by train and foot
Questions & Answers
The cheapest way to get from Karlsruhe to Inverness is to train and fly and bus which costs £130 - £350 and takes 10h 38m.
The fastest way to get from Karlsruhe to Inverness is to train and fly which takes 8h 41m and costs £160 - £360.
No, there is no direct bus from Karlsruhe station to Inverness station. However, there are services departing from Karlsruhe central train station and arriving at Bus Station Stance 3 via Luxembourg P+R Bouillon, London Victoria and Buchanan Bus Station. The journey, including transfers, takes approximately 28h 24m.
No, there is no direct train from Karlsruhe to Inverness. However, there are services departing from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof and arriving at Inverness via Strasbourg Bahnhof, Paris Nord and King's Cross. The journey, including transfers, takes approximately 15h 32m.
The distance between Karlsruhe and Inverness is 824 miles.
The best way to get from Karlsruhe to Inverness without a car is to train via Paris which takes 15h 32m and costs £380 - £700.
It takes approximately 8h 47m to get from Karlsruhe to Inverness, including transfers.
Karlsruhe to Inverness bus services, operated by FlixBus, depart from Karlsruhe central train station.
Karlsruhe to Inverness train services, operated by Deutsche Bahn Intercity (DB IC), depart from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof station.
The best way to get from Karlsruhe to Inverness is to train via Paris which takes 15h 32m and costs £380 - £700. Alternatively, you can bus, which costs £130 - £350 and takes 28h 24m.
What companies run services between Karlsruhe, Germany and Inverness, Scotland?
You can take a train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Inverness via Strasbourg Bahnhof, Paris Gare De L'Est, Paris Nord, London St Pancras Intl, and King's Cross in around 15h 32m. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Karlsruhe central train station to Bus Station Stance 3 via Luxembourg P+R Bouillon, London Victoria Green Line Station, London Victoria, and Buchanan Bus Station in around 28h 24m.
- Website
- klm.com
Flights from Frankfurt to Inverness Dalcross Airport via Amsterdam Schiphol
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 37m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £60–310
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Inverness Dalcross Airport via Amsterdam Schiphol
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 12m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £70–350
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Aberdeen Airport via Amsterdam Schiphol
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 10m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £70–360
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Edinburgh Airport via Amsterdam Schiphol
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 7m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £50–260
Flights from Frankfurt to Edinburgh Airport via Amsterdam Schiphol
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 22m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £40–230
Flights from Luxembourg to Inverness Dalcross Airport via Amsterdam Schiphol
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 25m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £60–320
- Website
- britishairways.com
Flights from Frankfurt to Inverness Dalcross Airport via London Heathrow
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 58m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £110–420
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Inverness Dalcross Airport via London Heathrow
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 40m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £75–290
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Inverness Dalcross Airport via Manchester
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 45m
- When
- Friday and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £75–290
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Inverness Dalcross Airport via Dublin
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 45m
- When
- Thursday and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £75–290
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Aberdeen Airport via Manchester
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 25m
- When
- Monday
- Estimated price
- £80–300
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Aberdeen Airport via London Heathrow
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 30m
- When
- Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £80–300
Flights from Luxembourg to Inverness Dalcross Airport via London Heathrow
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 52m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £80–360
- Website
- flysas.com
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Aberdeen Airport via Copenhagen
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 20m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £100–430
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Edinburgh Airport via Amsterdam Schiphol
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 7m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £50–260
Flights from Frankfurt to Edinburgh Airport via Amsterdam Schiphol
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 22m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £40–230
- Website
- lufthansa.com
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Edinburgh Airport via Munich
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 20m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £85–300
Flights from Frankfurt to Edinburgh Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 55m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £90–160
- Website
- loganair.co.uk
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Inverness Dalcross Airport via Manchester
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 45m
- When
- Friday and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £75–290
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Aberdeen Airport via Manchester
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 25m
- When
- Monday
- Estimated price
- £80–300
- Website
- aerlingus.com
Flights from Frankfurt to Inverness Dalcross Airport via Dublin
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 25m
- When
- Thursday and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £65–340
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Inverness Dalcross Airport via Dublin
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 45m
- When
- Thursday and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £75–290
- Website
- easyjet.com
Flights from Frankfurt to Inverness Dalcross Airport via Birmingham
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 15m
- When
- Monday and Friday
- Estimated price
- £100–350
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Aberdeen Airport via London Gatwick
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 35m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £80–300
- Website
- swiss.com
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Edinburgh Airport via Zurich
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 45m
- When
- Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday, Sunday, and Friday
- Estimated price
- £55–280
- Website
- eurowings.com
Flights from Stuttgart Airport to Edinburgh Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 5m
- When
- Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- £70–150
- Website
- brusselsairlines.com
Flights from Frankfurt to Edinburgh Airport via Brussels
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 30m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- £55–190
- Phone
- +49 30 2970
- Website
- bahn.de
Train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Frankfurt
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 9m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- £20–90
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Strasbourg Bahnhof
- Ave. Duration
- 46 min
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £13–55
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 37 min
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £12–55
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 37 min
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £12–55
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 37 min
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £12–55
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Frankfurt
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 9m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- £20–90
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Strasbourg Bahnhof
- Ave. Duration
- 46 min
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £13–55
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof to Köln Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 6m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- £45–200
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Köln Hbf to Bruxelles Midi
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 10m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £35–150
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
- Phone
- +33 1 84 94 36 35
- Website
- track.effiliation.com
Train from Strasbourg Bahnhof to Paris l'Est
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 46m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £60–130
- Website
- https://track.effiliation.com/servlet/effi.redir?id_compteur=23007591&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sncf-connect.com%2Fen-en%2F
Train from Köln Hbf to Bruxelles Midi
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 54m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- £30–65
- Website
- https://track.effiliation.com/servlet/effi.redir?id_compteur=23007591&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sncf-connect.com%2Fen-en%2F
- Phone
- +44 (0)3432 186 186
- Website
- eurostar.com
Train from Paris Nord to London St Pancras Intl
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 28m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £120–210
- Website
- https://www.eurostar.com/rw-en
Train from Brussel-Zuid / Bruxelles-Midi to London St Pancras Intl
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 1m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £95–170
- Website
- https://www.eurostar.com/rw-en
- Phone
- +44 (0)3457 225 333
- [email protected]
- Website
- lner.co.uk
Train from King's Cross to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 2m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- £190–280
- Website
- https://www.lner.co.uk/
Train from Perth to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 12m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- £40–55
- Website
- https://www.lner.co.uk/
Train from Perth to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 12m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- £40–55
- Website
- https://www.lner.co.uk/
Train from King's Cross to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 2m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- £190–280
- Website
- https://www.lner.co.uk/
- Phone
- +44 (0) 8443 35 35 35
- Website
- leshuttle.com
Car train from Calais-Fréthun to Folkestone
- Ave. Duration
- 35 min
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £117
- Website
- https://www.leshuttle.com/uk-en
- Standard fare
- £117
- Phone
- +49 711 400 534 44
- [email protected]
- Website
- arverio-bw.de
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 55 min
- Frequency
- Every 30 minutes
- Estimated price
- £12–22
- Schedules at
- arverio-bw.de
- 2nd Class Ticket
- £12–15
- 1st Class Ticket
- £15–22
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 55 min
- Frequency
- Every 30 minutes
- Estimated price
- £12–22
- Schedules at
- arverio-bw.de
- 2nd Class Ticket
- £12–15
- 1st Class Ticket
- £15–22
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 55 min
- Frequency
- Every 30 minutes
- Estimated price
- £12–22
- Schedules at
- arverio-bw.de
- 2nd Class Ticket
- £12–15
- 1st Class Ticket
- £15–22
- Phone
- +49 711 400 534 44
- [email protected]
- Website
- arverio-by.de
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 55 min
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £11–17
- Schedules at
- arverio-by.de
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 55 min
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £11–17
- Schedules at
- arverio-by.de
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 55 min
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £11–17
- Schedules at
- arverio-by.de
- Phone
- +33 1 84 94 36 35
- Website
- sncf-connect.com
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 47 min
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £14–22
- Website
- https://www.sncf-connect.com/en-en
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 47 min
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £14–22
- Website
- https://www.sncf-connect.com/en-en
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 47 min
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £14–22
- Website
- https://www.sncf-connect.com/en-en
Train from Strasbourg to Luxembourg
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 35m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- £35–60
- Website
- https://www.sncf-connect.com/en-en
- Phone
- +49 711 2092-7087
- Website
- regional.bahn.de
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 36m
- Frequency
- 5 times a week
- Estimated price
- £12–18
- Schedules at
- regional.bahn.de
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 36m
- Frequency
- 5 times a week
- Estimated price
- £12–18
- Schedules at
- regional.bahn.de
Train from Karlsruhe Hbf to Stuttgart Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 36m
- Frequency
- 5 times a week
- Estimated price
- £12–18
- Schedules at
- regional.bahn.de
- Phone
- +44 (0)344 811 0141
- Website
- scotrail.co.uk
Train from Aberdeen to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 15m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- £45–90
- Website
- https://www.scotrail.co.uk/
Train from Perth to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 23m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- £50–95
- Website
- https://www.scotrail.co.uk/
Train from Perth to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 23m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- £50–95
- Website
- https://www.scotrail.co.uk/
- Phone
- +44 330 060 0500
- [email protected]
- Website
- sleeper.scot
Train from Aberdeen to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 23m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Estimated price
- £30–55
- Website
- https://www.sleeper.scot/
Train from Perth to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 52m
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Estimated price
- £35–60
- Website
- https://www.sleeper.scot/
Train from Perth to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 52m
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Estimated price
- £35–60
- Website
- https://www.sleeper.scot/
Train from London Euston to Inverness
- Ave. Duration
- 11h 20m
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Estimated price
- £170–290
- Website
- https://www.sleeper.scot/
- Phone
- +32 70 79 79 79
- Website
- belgiantrain.be
Train from Köln Hbf to Bruxelles Midi
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 8m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- £30–65
- Website
- https://www.belgiantrain.be/en
- Phone
- +49 30 300 137 300
- [email protected]
- Website
- https://www.flixbus.fr
Bus from Karlsruhe central train station to Luxembourg, P+R Bouillon
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 25m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- £22–40
- Website
- https://www.flixbus.co.uk
Bus from London Victoria to Buchanan Bus Station
- Ave. Duration
- 9h 15m
- Frequency
- Every 30 minutes
- Estimated price
- £45–80
- Website
- https://www.flixbus.co.uk
Bus from Buchanan Bus Station to Bus Station Stance 3
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 55m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £19–35
- Website
- https://www.flixbus.co.uk
Bus from Karlsruhe central train station to Frankfurt Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 10m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £11–18
- Website
- https://www.flixbus.co.uk
Bus from Frankfurt Airport to London Victoria
- Ave. Duration
- 16h 55m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- £60–100
- Website
- https://www.flixbus.co.uk
- Phone
- +420 222 222 221
- [email protected]
- Website
- regiojet.com
Bus from Luxembourg P+R Bouillon to London Victoria Green Line Station
- Ave. Duration
- 9h 20m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Estimated price
- £35–55
- Website
- https://regiojet.com/
- Phone
- +44 (0)3717 81 81 81
- Website
- nationalexpress.com
Bus from London Victoria to Buchanan Bus Station
- Ave. Duration
- 11h 15m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £75–190
- Website
- https://www.nationalexpress.com/en
- Phone
- 0141 352 4444
- [email protected]
- Website
- citylink.co.uk
Bus from Buchanan Bus Station to Bus Station Stance 3
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 45m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- £30–60
- Website
- https://www.citylink.co.uk/
- Single
- £30–60
- Phone
- +44 (0)131 510 4007
- [email protected]
- Website
- ember.to
Bus from Edinburgh Airport to Perth station
- Ave. Duration
- 58 min
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £7–10
- Website
- https://www.ember.to/
Bus from Edinburgh Airport to Perth station
- Ave. Duration
- 58 min
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £7–10
- Website
- https://www.ember.to/
- Phone
- +3 318 576 2228
- Website
- blablacar.co.uk
Bus from Karlsruhe central train station to Frankfurt Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 2h
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- £11–21
- Website
- https://www.blablacar.co.uk/bus
- Phone
- +353 818 300 400
- [email protected]
- Website
- irishferries.com
Car ferry from Calais to Port of Dover
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 30m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- £8–50
- Website
- https://www.irishferries.com/uk-en/Travel-to-Ireland
Want to know more about travelling around United Kingdom
Rome2Rio's Travel Guide series provide vital information for the global traveller. Filled with useful and timely travel information, the guides answer all the hard questions - such as 'How do I buy a ticket?', 'Should I book online before I travel? ', 'How much should I expect to pay?', 'Do the trains and buses have Wifi?' - to help you get the most out of your next trip.
Related travel guides
Travelling to the UK: What do I need to know?
Read the travel guide
Heading to Europe? Read this before you buy a Eurail Pass
Read the travel guide
5 delightfully under-the-radar French towns you need to visit
Read the travel guide
More Questions & Answers
Karlsruhe to Inverness bus services, operated by FlixBus, arrive at Luxembourg, P+R Bouillon station.
Inverness is 1h behind Karlsruhe. It is currently 8:34 PM in Karlsruhe and 7:34 PM in Inverness.
Karlsruhe to Inverness train services, operated by Deutsche Bahn Intercity (DB IC), arrive at Strasbourg Bahnhof station.
Book your Karlsruhe to Inverness train tickets online with Omio.
Book your Karlsruhe to Inverness bus tickets online with Omio.
There are 1411+ hotels available in Inverness.
































































