There are 9 ways to get from Kurnool to Dharapuram by train, plane, taxi, bus, or car
Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2Rio's travel planner.
Train to Hyderabad, fly to Coimbatore International Airport, taxi
best- Take the train from Kurnool City to Umdanagartrain
- Fly from Hyderabad (HYD) to Coimbatore International Airport (CJB)plane HYD - CJB
- Take the taxi from Coimbatore International Airport (CJB) to Dharapuramtaxi
7h 56m₹7,467–15,729Train, bus
cheapest- Take the train from Kurnool City to Ksr Bengalurutrain 12785 / ...
- Take the bus from Bengaluru to Dharapurambus redbusIndia_A/C Seater / Sleeper
17h 34m₹815–3,313Bus
- Take the bus from Kurnool to Bengalurubus redbusIndia_Volvo 9600 SLX Multi-Axle AC Sleeper
- Take the bus from Bengaluru to Dharapurambus redbusIndia_A/C Seater / Sleeper
14h 50m₹1,087–4,347Train, taxi
- Take the train from Kurnool City to Tiruppurtrain 12789 / ...
- Take the taxi from Tiruppur to Dharapuramtaxi
14h 51m₹1,510–4,480Drive 659.6 km
- Drive from Kurnool to Dharapuramcar 659.6 km
9h 31m₹7,401–10,691Taxi
- Take the taxi from Kurnool to Dharapuramtaxi 659.6 km
9h 31m₹13,000–17,000Bus to Kempegowda International Airport, fly to Coimbatore International Airport, taxi
- Take the bus from FlixBus Kurnool to FlixBus Bengaluru - Airportbus
- Fly from Kempegowda International Airport (BLR) to Coimbatore International Airport (CJB)plane BLR - CJB
- Take the taxi from Coimbatore International Airport (CJB) to Dharapuramtaxi
9h 12m₹7,275–10,949Train to Hyderabad, fly to Cochin International Airport, taxi
- Take the train from Kurnool City to Umdanagartrain
- Fly from Hyderabad (HYD) to Cochin International Airport (COK)plane HYD - COK
- Take the taxi from Kochi-Airport-COK to Dharapuramtaxi
9h 49m₹11,467–21,529Bus via Anantapur
- Take the bus from Kurnool to Anantapurbus
- Take the bus from Anantapur to Bengalurubus
- Take the bus from Bengaluru to Dharapurambus
15h 36m₹1,324–6,303
Kurnool to Dharapuram by bus
Comparing Your Travel Options
The cheapest way to get from Kurnool to Dharapuram is to train and bus which costs ₹800 - ₹3,400 and takes 17h 34m.
The fastest way to get from Kurnool to Dharapuram is to train and fly and taxi which takes 7h 56m and costs ₹7,000 - ₹16,000.
No, there is no direct bus from Kurnool to Dharapuram. However, there are services departing from Kurnool and arriving at Dharapuram via Bengaluru. The journey, including transfers, takes approximately 14h 50m.
The distance between Kurnool and Dharapuram is 1007 km. The road distance is 659.6 km.
The best way to get from Kurnool to Dharapuram without a car is to bus which takes 14h 50m and costs ₹1,000 - ₹4,400.
It takes approximately 7h 56m to get from Kurnool to Dharapuram, including transfers.
Kurnool to Dharapuram bus services, operated by BSR Tours And Travels, depart from Kurnool station.
Kurnool to Dharapuram bus services, operated by BSR Tours And Travels, arrive at Bengaluru station.
Yes, the driving distance between Kurnool to Dharapuram is 660 km. It takes approximately 9h 31m to drive from Kurnool to Dharapuram.
Book your Kurnool to Dharapuram bus tickets online with Omio.
What companies run services between Kurnool, India and Dharapuram, India?
You can take a bus from Kurnool to Dharapuram via Bengaluru in around 14h 50m.
- Website
- goindigo.in
Flights from Hyderabad to Coimbatore International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 30m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹5,500–12,000
Flights from Hyderabad to Coimbatore International Airport via Madras
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 35m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹5,500–12,000
Flights from Hyderabad to Coimbatore International Airport via Kempegowda International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 20m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹5,500–12,000
Flights from Kempegowda International Airport to Coimbatore International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹5,000–7,000
Flights from Hyderabad to Cochin International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 40m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹7,000–17,000
Flights from Hyderabad to Cochin International Airport via Madras
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 43m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹7,000–17,000
Flights from Hyderabad to Cochin International Airport via Kempegowda International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 53m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹7,000–17,000
- Website
- airindiaexpress.in
Flights from Kempegowda International Airport to Coimbatore International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 5m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹3,200–12,000
Flights from Hyderabad to Cochin International Airport via Kempegowda International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 30m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹6,500–11,000
- Website
- spicejet.com
Flights from Hyderabad to Cochin International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 40m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₹5,000–11,000
- Phone
- 14646
- [email protected]
- Website
- irctc.co.in
Train from Kurnool City to Umdanagar
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 29m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- ₹180–1,500
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- ₹180–220
- Third AC (3A)
- ₹500–650
- Second AC (2A)
- ₹650–900
- First Class (1A)
- ₹1,100–1,500
Train from Kurnool City to Tiruppur
- Ave. Duration
- 14h 9m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Estimated price
- ₹410–3,100
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- ₹410–480
- Third AC (3A)
- ₹1,000–1,300
- Second AC (2A)
- ₹1,400–1,900
- First Class (1A)
- ₹2,400–3,100
Train from Kurnool City to Umdanagar
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 29m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- ₹180–1,500
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- ₹180–220
- Third AC (3A)
- ₹500–650
- Second AC (2A)
- ₹650–900
- First Class (1A)
- ₹1,100–1,500
Train from Kurnool City to Ksr Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 50m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₹250–1,900
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- ₹250–300
- Third AC (3A)
- ₹650–850
- Second AC (2A)
- ₹900–1,200
- First Class (1A)
- ₹1,500–1,900
- Phone
- +91 95022 24959
- [email protected]
- Website
- BSR Tours And Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 35m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Website
- BSR Tours And Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 20m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Website
- BSR Tours And Travels
- Website
- Royal Rich India R No. 208
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 10m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Schedules at
- Royal Rich India R No. 208
- Phone
- +91 9949692324
- [email protected]
- Website
- Pramukh Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 55m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Website
- Pramukh Travels
- Website
- Pramukh Travels
- Phone
- +91 63094 26666
- [email protected]
- Website
- BigBus
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 15m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Website
- BigBus
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 55m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Website
- BigBus
- Phone
- +91 9088900002
- [email protected]
- Website
- Express Line
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 30m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Website
- Express Line
- Schedules at
- Express Line
- Phone
- 9887925057
- [email protected]
- Website
- Shree Savariya Travels and Transport
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 45m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Schedules at
- Shree Savariya Travels and Transport
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 15m
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Schedules at
- Shree Savariya Travels and Transport
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 30m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Shree Savariya Travels and Transport
- Phone
- 0836 230 7300
- [email protected]
- Website
- Vijayanand Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- ₹500–1,000
- Schedules at
- Vijayanand Travels
- Phone
- +91 63662 95656
- [email protected]
- Website
- Sri Vengamamba Bus Transport
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Schedules at
- Sri Vengamamba Bus Transport
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 4h
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Sri Vengamamba Bus Transport
- Website
- Tranzindia Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 45m
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Schedules at
- Tranzindia Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 25m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Tranzindia Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 50m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Schedules at
- Tranzindia Travels
- Website
- YAS Tours and Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 40m
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Schedules at
- YAS Tours and Travels
- Phone
- +91 9021264955
- [email protected]
- Website
- National Travels - Ratnagiri
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 15m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Website
- National Travels - Ratnagiri
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 3h
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Website
- National Travels - Ratnagiri
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 15m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- National Travels - Ratnagiri
- Phone
- +91 707 5511 729
- [email protected]
- Website
- Fresh Bus
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 15m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Fresh Bus
- Website
- Gudikati Transport
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 40m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Gudikati Transport
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Gudikati Transport
- Phone
- +91 91193 34336
- [email protected]
- Website
- Shree Balaji Tour and Travel
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 45m
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Schedules at
- Shree Balaji Tour and Travel
- Website
- Bmcc Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 24m
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Schedules at
- Bmcc Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 20m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- Bmcc Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 14m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- Bmcc Travels
- Website
- Jabbar Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 1m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- Jabbar Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 35m
- Frequency
- Twice a week
- Schedules at
- Jabbar Travels
- Phone
- 8893555000
- [email protected]
- Website
- Kallada Tours and Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 45m
- Frequency
- 5 times a week
- Estimated price
- ₹800–2,200
- Schedules at
- Kallada Tours and Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 50m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₹650–2,100
- Schedules at
- Kallada Tours and Travels
- Phone
- +91 8888056147
- [email protected]
- Website
- AR Group Vijaylaxmi Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 7h
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Website
- AR Group Vijaylaxmi Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 30m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Website
- AR Group Vijaylaxmi Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 30m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Website
- AR Group Vijaylaxmi Travels
- Website
- BRS Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 15m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- BRS Travels
- Website
- Ksm Roadways
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 50m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Schedules at
- Ksm Roadways
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 5m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Schedules at
- Ksm Roadways
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 55m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- Ksm Roadways
- Phone
- +91 8336003361
- [email protected]
- Website
- Shymoli Paribahan
Bus from Kurnool to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 50m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Estimated price
- ₹900–3,000
- Website
- Shymoli Paribahan
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 29m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Estimated price
- ₹750–2,800
- Website
- Shymoli Paribahan
- Phone
- +91 6381293949
- [email protected]
- Website
- Mettur Super Services
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 15m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₹550–1,400
- Website
- Mettur Super Services
- AC Sleeper
- ₹550–1,400
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 15m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₹550–1,400
- Website
- Mettur Super Services
- AC Sleeper
- ₹550–1,400
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 15m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₹550–1,400
- Website
- Mettur Super Services
- AC Sleeper
- ₹550–1,400
- Website
- No 1 Air Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 35m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- No 1 Air Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 35m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- No 1 Air Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 35m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- No 1 Air Travels
- Phone
- +91 9047599599
- [email protected]
- Website
- PSS Transport
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 45m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- PSS Transport
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 45m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- PSS Transport
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 45m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- PSS Transport
- Phone
- +91 93440 62552
- [email protected]
- Website
- A1 Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 30m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Website
- A1 Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 30m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Website
- A1 Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 30m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Website
- A1 Travels
- Website
- Maaruti Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 40m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Schedules at
- Maaruti Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 40m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Schedules at
- Maaruti Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 40m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Schedules at
- Maaruti Travels
- Website
- Hybus
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 15m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- Hybus
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Schedules at
- Hybus
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 15m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- Hybus
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 15m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- Hybus
- Website
- VRT Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 10m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- VRT Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 10m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- VRT Travels
Bus from Bengaluru to Dharapuram
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 10m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- VRT Travels
- Phone
- +91 8404855555
- Website
- FlixBus India
Bus from FlixBus Kurnool to FlixBus Bengaluru - Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 35m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₹500–1,600
- Website
- FlixBus India
- Website
- Sudheer Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 30m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Schedules at
- Sudheer Travels
- Phone
- +91 94830 71133
- [email protected]
- Website
- Go Tour Travels and Holidays
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 30m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Website
- Go Tour Travels and Holidays
- Phone
- 91 82870 09889
- [email protected]
- Website
- Zingbus
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 25m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- ₹370–850
- Schedules at
- Zingbus
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 10m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₹400–1,000
- Schedules at
- Zingbus
- Phone
- +91 97514 35999
- [email protected]
- Website
- SBM Traansport
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 15m
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Schedules at
- SBM Traansport
- Phone
- +91 7396374200
- [email protected]
- Website
- 7Hills roadways
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 25m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- 7Hills roadways
- Website
- 7Hills roadways
- Phone
- +91 9680227000
- [email protected]
- Website
- omio.com
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 30m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Book at
- GK Travels
- Phone
- +91 92465 50000
- [email protected]
- Website
- Morning Star Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Website
- Morning Star Travels
- Website
- KK Travels
Bus from Kurnool to Anantapur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 55m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- KK Travels
- Website
- Intercity travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 45m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Schedules at
- Intercity travels
- Website
- Rajesh Transports
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 45m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Schedules at
- Rajesh Transports
- Website
- Hanuman Transports
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 45m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Schedules at
- Hanuman Transports
- Website
- Sanvi Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 30m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Sanvi Travels
- Website
- Jai Maruthi Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 15m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Jai Maruthi Travels
- Phone
- +91 8977773078
- [email protected]
- Website
- Dhanunjaya Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 30m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- Dhanunjaya Travels
- Website
- Dhanunjaya Travels
- Website
- Bus9 Tours And Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 30m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- Bus9 Tours And Travels
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 15m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- Siddhi Vinayaka Tours & Travels
- Website
- Mahalakshmi Tourist
Bus from Anantapur to Bengaluru
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 10m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- Mahalakshmi Tourist
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 7m
- Estimated price
- ₹1,100–17,000
Coimbatore Taxi
- Phone
- +91 737 381 2345
- Website
- coimbatoretaxi.com
Priyam Tour and Travels
- Phone
- +91 948 609 4973
- Website
- coimbatoretaxitours.com
Rudra Cabs
- Phone
- +91 894 070 9000
- Website
- ruthracabs.in
Red Taxi
- Phone
- +91 42 14 56 78 90
- Website
- redtaxi.co.in
Tirupur Taxi
- Phone
- +91 73 73 81 23 45
- Website
- tirupurtaxi.com
Coimbatore Taxi
- Phone
- +91 737 381 2345
- Website
- coimbatoretaxi.com
Priyam Tour and Travels
- Phone
- +91 948 609 4973
- Website
- coimbatoretaxitours.com
Rudra Cabs
- Phone
- +91 894 070 9000
- Website
- ruthracabs.in
B Cabs
- Phone
- +91 98 95 11 88 77
- Website
- bcabs.com
Cochin Coastal Cabs
- Phone
- +91 96 56 07 50 00
- Website
- cochincoastalcabs.com
Kochi Taxi
- Phone
- +91 70 34 30 18 15
- Website
- kochitaxi.co.in
Want to know more about travelling around the world?
Rome2Rio's Travel Guide series provide vital information for the global traveller. Read our range of informative guides on popular transport routes and companies - including Need to know: Jadrolinija, 4 of the smartest ways to explore Australia, and Which side of Niagara Falls should I choose (and how do I get there)? - to help you get the most out of your next trip.
Booking & Getting There
There are four+ hotels available in Dharapuram.















































