There are 9 ways to get from Pālanpur to Kathmandu by train, plane, car, bus, or taxi
Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2Rio's travel planner.
Train to Civil Airport Harni, fly
best- Take the train from Palanpur Jn to Vadodara Jntrain
- Fly from Civil Airport Harni (BDQ) to Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM)plane BDQ - KTM
12h 27m$113–328Train, bus
cheapest- Take the train from Palanpur Jn to Gorakhpurtrain 19409 / ...
- Take the bus from Gorakhpur to Swoyambhubus
44h 15m$13–90Train, drive
- Take the train from Palanpur Jn to Narkatiaganj Jntrain
- Take the train from Narkatiaganj Jn to Raxaul Jntrain
- Drive from Raxaul Jn to Kathmanducar
38h 24m$25–96Bus
- Take the bus from Palanpur to Ajmerbus
- Take the bus from Ajmer to Jaipurbus
- Take the bus from Jaipur to Agrabus
- Take the bus from Agra to Kathmandubus
38h 33mDrive 1,612.3 km
- Drive from Pālanpur to Kathmanducar 1,612.3 km
23h 16m$192–277Train to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, fly
- Take the train from Palanpur Jn to Ahmedabad Jntrain
- Fly from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport (AMD) to Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM)plane AMD - KTM
11h 3m$122–303Train to Jodhpur Airport, fly
- Take the train from Palanpur Jn to Jodhpur Jntrain
- Fly from Jodhpur Airport (JDH) to Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM)plane JDH - KTM
13h 27m$155–282Train, taxi to Rajkot International Airport, fly
- Take the train from Palanpur Jn to Wankaner Jntrain
- Take the taxi from Wankaner Jn to Rajkot International Airport (HSR)taxi
- Fly from Rajkot International Airport (HSR) to Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM)plane HSR - KTM
13h 21m$153–342Bus, bus to Dabok Airport, fly
- Take the bus from Palanpur to Abu Roadbus
- Take the bus from Abu Road to Himmatnagarbus
- Take the bus from Himmatnagar to Udaipurbus
- Fly from Dabok Airport (UDR) to Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM)plane UDR - KTM
15h 51m$118–256
Civil Airport Harni (BDQ) to Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM) flights
Comparing Your Travel Options
The cheapest way to get from Pālanpur to Kathmandu is to train and drive which costs $24 - $100 and takes 38h 24m.
The fastest way to get from Pālanpur to Kathmandu is to train and fly which takes 11h 3m and costs $120 - $310.
No, there is no direct bus from Pālanpur to Kathmandu. However, there are services departing from Palanpur and arriving at Khoteshwor via Ajmer, Jaipur, Collectorate, Agra and Bhaktapur. The journey, including transfers, takes approximately 38h 33m.
The distance between Pālanpur and Kathmandu is 1608 km. The road distance is 1612.3 km.
The best way to get from Pālanpur to Kathmandu without a car is to bus which takes 38h 33m and costs .
It takes approximately 12h 27m to get from Pālanpur to Kathmandu, including transfers.
Pālanpur to Kathmandu bus services, operated by Gujarat Travels, depart from Palanpur station.
Pālanpur to Kathmandu bus services, operated by Gujarat Travels, arrive at Ajmer station.
Kathmandu is 15 min ahead of Pālanpur. It is currently 2:45 AM in Pālanpur and 3:00 AM in Kathmandu.
Yes, the driving distance between Pālanpur to Kathmandu is 1612 km. It takes approximately 23h 16m to drive from Pālanpur to Kathmandu.
What companies run services between Pālanpur, India and Kathmandu, Nepal?
You can take a bus from Palanpur to Khoteshwor via Ajmer, Jaipur, Agra, Collectorate, Sardar Bazar, Agra, Kathmandu, and Bhaktapur in around 38h 33m.
- Website
- goindigo.in
Flights from Civil Airport Harni to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 22m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $150–310
Flights from Civil Airport Harni to Tribhuvan International Airport via Mumbai
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 35m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $150–310
Flights from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 3m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $120–310
Flights from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Mumbai
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 45m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $120–310
Flights from Jodhpur Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 47m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $140–280
Flights from Jodhpur Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Jaipur, Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 30m
- When
- Sunday
- Estimated price
- $140–280
Flights from Rajkot International Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 30m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $150–290
Flights from Rajkot International Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Mumbai
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 20m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $150–290
Flights from Dabok Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 47m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $130–240
Flights from Dabok Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Jaipur, Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 15m
- When
- Sunday
- Estimated price
- $130–240
- Website
- airindia.in
Flights from Civil Airport Harni to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 30m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $110–320
Flights from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 55m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $120–260
Flights from Jodhpur Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 55m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $150–450
Flights from Rajkot International Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 13m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $130–320
Flights from Dabok Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Delhi
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 23m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- $110–210
- Website
- nepalairlines.com.np
Flights from Civil Airport Harni to Tribhuvan International Airport via Mumbai
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 25m
- When
- Wednesday
- Estimated price
- $320–800
Flights from Jodhpur Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Mumbai
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 35m
- When
- Wednesday and Sunday
- Estimated price
- $350–850
Flights from Rajkot International Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Mumbai
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 5m
- When
- Wednesday and Sunday
- Estimated price
- $300–750
Flights from Dabok Airport to Tribhuvan International Airport via Mumbai
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 10m
- When
- Wednesday and Sunday
- Estimated price
- $310–800
- Phone
- 14646
- [email protected]
- Website
- irctc.co.in
Train from Palanpur Jn to Vadodara Jn
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 16m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- $2–16
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- $2–3
- Third AC (3A)
- $5–7
- Second AC (2A)
- $7–10
- First Class (1A)
- $12–16
Train from Palanpur Jn to Narkatiaganj Jn
- Ave. Duration
- 32h 35m
- Frequency
- Twice a week
- Estimated price
- $7–60
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- $7–10
- Third AC (3A)
- $19–25
- Second AC (2A)
- $28–35
- First Class (1A)
- $45–60
Train from Narkatiaganj Jn to Raxaul Jn
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 25m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- $1–12
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- $1–2
- Third AC (3A)
- $4–6
- Second AC (2A)
- $5–7
- First Class (1A)
- $9–12
Train from Palanpur Jn to Ahmedabad Jn
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 28m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- $1–13
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- $1–2
- Third AC (3A)
- $4–6
- Second AC (2A)
- $6–8
- First Class (1A)
- $10–13
Train from Palanpur Jn to Jodhpur Jn
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 20m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Estimated price
- $2–19
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- $2–3
- Third AC (3A)
- $6–8
- Second AC (2A)
- $8–11
- First Class (1A)
- $14–19
Train from Palanpur Jn to Wankaner Jn
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 19m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- $2–19
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- $2–3
- Third AC (3A)
- $6–8
- Second AC (2A)
- $8–11
- First Class (1A)
- $14–19
Train from Palanpur Jn to Gorakhpur
- Ave. Duration
- 27h 55m
- Frequency
- 5 times a week
- Estimated price
- $6–50
- Website
- irctc.co.in
- Sleeper Class
- $6–8
- Third AC (3A)
- $16–21
- Second AC (2A)
- $24–30
- First Class (1A)
- $40–50
- Phone
- +919428521105
- [email protected]
- Website
- Gujarat Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Ajmer
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 55m
- Frequency
- Every 2 hours
- Schedules at
- Gujarat Travels
- Phone
- +91 94141 26815
- [email protected]
- Website
- Gajraj Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Ajmer
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 20m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Website
- Gajraj Travels
- Phone
- +91 90993 73754
- Website
- Shreeji Eagle travels
Bus from Palanpur to Ajmer
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 45m
- Frequency
- 5 times a day
- Schedules at
- Shreeji Eagle travels
Bus from Palanpur to Ajmer
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 15m
- Frequency
- 5 times a day
- Schedules at
- Vir Gurjar Devnarayan Travels
- Phone
- +91 0291-2633687
- Website
- MR Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Ajmer
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 15m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Website
- MR Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 25m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Website
- MR Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 30m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Website
- MR Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- MR Travels
- Website
- Smart Bus Service
Bus from Palanpur to Ajmer
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 15m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Smart Bus Service
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 30m
- Frequency
- Every 30 minutes
- Schedules at
- Smart Bus Service
- Phone
- +91 91668 33332
- [email protected]
- Website
- Jain Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Ajmer
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 50m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- Jain Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 20m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Website
- Jain Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h
- Frequency
- 5 times a week
- Website
- Jain Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 20m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Website
- Jain Travels
- Phone
- +91 9318 181834
- Website
- Ojas Tour And Travel
Bus from Palanpur to Ajmer
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 55m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- Ojas Tour And Travel
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 55 min
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- Ojas Tour And Travel
- Website
- Choudhary King Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Ajmer
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 30m
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Schedules at
- Choudhary King Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- 5 times a day
- Schedules at
- Choudhary King Travels
- Website
- Mahaveer Travels®
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 20m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Schedules at
- Mahaveer Travels®
- Website
- Bhagwati Travels Express
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 30m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Website
- Bhagwati Travels Express
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 35m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Website
- Bhagwati Travels Express
- Website
- Thar Bus Service
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 45m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Schedules at
- Thar Bus Service
- Phone
- +91 80580 57088
- [email protected]
- Website
- Maharani Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 40m
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Website
- Maharani Travels
- Website
- Om Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 35m
- Frequency
- 5 times a day
- Schedules at
- Om Travels
- Website
- Rajasthan Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Schedules at
- Rajasthan Travels
- Phone
- 1800 267 9001
- [email protected]
- Website
- NeuGo
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 45m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- NeuGo
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 10m
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Website
- NeuGo
- Website
- PAL BUS(Patel Travels®)
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 20m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- PAL BUS(Patel Travels®)
- Phone
- +91 9945600000
- Website
- Surana Vishal Tours and Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 28m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- Surana Vishal Tours and Travels
- Website
- Saran Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 30m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Saran Travels
- Phone
- +91 86909 00891
- [email protected]
- Website
- Jai Bajrang Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 40m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Jai Bajrang Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 50m
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Schedules at
- Jai Bajrang Travels
- Phone
- +91 9636021691
- Website
- Shri Ganesh Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Schedules at
- Shri Ganesh Travels
- Website
- Radhika Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 45m
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Schedules at
- Radhika Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 35m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- Radhika Travels
- Website
- Rathi Travels Business Class
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 35m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- Rathi Travels Business Class
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 50m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- Rathi Travels Business Class
- Website
- Kamal travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 40m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- Kamal travels
- Website
- Jai Ambay Travelling Agency
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 3h
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Schedules at
- Jai Ambay Travelling Agency
- Phone
- +91 98986 72396
- Website
- SR Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 21h 15m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Website
- SR Travels
- Phone
- +91 9928371859
- Website
- Vijay Tours And Travels
Bus from Ajmer to Jaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 10m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Website
- Vijay Tours And Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 40m
- Frequency
- 4 times a week
- Website
- Vijay Tours And Travels
- Phone
- +91 80463 33629
- [email protected]
- Website
- Sonu Travel
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 15m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Website
- Sonu Travel
- Website
- New janta ashoka travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 30m
- Frequency
- 5 times a day
- Schedules at
- New janta ashoka travels
- Website
- Deep Travels And Transport
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 30m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Schedules at
- Deep Travels And Transport
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 30m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Schedules at
- Samay Shatabdi Travels Pvt Ltd
- Website
- Kalpana Travels Pvt. Ltd.
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 40m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Schedules at
- Kalpana Travels Pvt. Ltd.
- Phone
- 9001274136
- [email protected]
- Website
- Choudhary travels and cargo
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 4h
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Schedules at
- Choudhary travels and cargo
- Phone
- 7230947777
- [email protected]
- Website
- Mahalaxmi Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Schedules at
- Mahalaxmi Travels
- Website
- New Baba Tour And Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 30m
- Frequency
- 5 times a week
- Schedules at
- New Baba Tour And Travels
- Phone
- +91 99296 11119
- [email protected]
- Website
- Jakhar Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 30m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Website
- Jakhar Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 30m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Schedules at
- New Yadav Vishwakarma Tour and Travels
- Phone
- +91 91299 29994
- [email protected]
- Website
- PTC Skybus
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 30m
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Website
- PTC Skybus
- Website
- Jai Baba Barfani Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 7h
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Schedules at
- Jai Baba Barfani Travels
- Phone
- 080-46333629
- [email protected]
- Website
- Vikas Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 35m
- Frequency
- Twice a week
- Schedules at
- Vikas Travels
- Website
- shri sang journeys
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 4h 45m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- shri sang journeys
- Phone
- +91 9784162573
- [email protected]
- Website
- Shree Ganesh Travels
Bus from Jaipur to Agra
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 30m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- Shree Ganesh Travels
- Phone
- +91-11-23370236
- [email protected]
- Website
- DTC
Bus from Agra to Kathmandu
- Ave. Duration
- 20h 45m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- $1–30
- Website
- DTC
- Ordinary Buses
- $1–2
- AC Buses
- $2–3
- Airport Express Services
- $19–26
- Website
- Royal Karnavati Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Schedules at
- Royal Karnavati Travels
- Website
- Mahaveer Travels Agency
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Schedules at
- Mahaveer Travels Agency
- Phone
- +91 93738 99995
- [email protected]
- Website
- Humsafar Bus
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Website
- Humsafar Bus
- Website
- Meera Tours & Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Schedules at
- Meera Tours & Travels
- Website
- Mahaveer Travel Company
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Every 4 hours
- Schedules at
- Mahaveer Travel Company
- Website
- Samrat Bus Jaipur
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Schedules at
- Samrat Bus Jaipur
- Phone
- +91 80463 33629
- [email protected]
- Website
- Bishnoi Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 55 min
- Frequency
- 3 times a day
- Schedules at
- Bishnoi Travels
- Website
- Rytham Tours And Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 46 min
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Schedules at
- Rytham Tours And Travels
- Phone
- 0836 230 7300
- [email protected]
- Website
- Vijayanand Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- $1–3
- Schedules at
- Vijayanand Travels
- Phone
- +91 9030531288
- [email protected]
- Website
- Shri Vishwakarma Travels
Bus from Palanpur to Abu Road
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Website
- Shri Vishwakarma Travels
- Website
- Shri Vishwakarma Travels
- Phone
- +917412069719
- [email protected]
- Website
- transport.rajasthan.gov.in
Bus from Abu Road to Himmatnagar
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 19m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- $1–3
- Website
- transport.rajasthan.gov.in
- Deluxe
- $1–3
- Express
- $1–2
- AC Sleeper
- $2–3
Bus from Himmatnagar to Udaipur
- Ave. Duration
- 3h 9m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- $1–5
- Website
- transport.rajasthan.gov.in
- Deluxe
- $2–3
- Express
- $1–3
- AC Sleeper
- $3–5
- Phone
- +91 9530045999
- Website
- gajrajbus.com
Bus from Gorakhpur to Swoyambhu
- Ave. Duration
- 15h 15m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- $6–38
- Book at
- goibibo.com
- AC Sleeper
- $6–17
Want to know more about travelling around Nepal
Rome2Rio's Travel Guide series provide vital information for the global traveller. Filled with useful and timely travel information, the guides answer all the hard questions - such as 'How do I buy a ticket?', 'Should I book online before I travel? ', 'How much should I expect to pay?', 'Do the trains and buses have Wifi?' - to help you get the most out of your next trip.
Related travel guides
How to travel India's Golden Triangle
Read the travel guide
Booking & Getting There
There are 1540+ hotels available in Kathmandu.















































